International English Olympiad Forum By SOF Olympiad Trainer - Page 184

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WHAT DOES A BUN IN THE OVEN MEAN ?

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READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.

We all make spontaneous hand movements, called gestures, when we talk. These cospeech gestures are produced in rhythm with our speech and are related to the meaning of what we are saying. For example, when talking about attending a piano recital, you might move your fingers right and left in front of you to illustrate what playing a piano looks like.

There are several different types of gestures that serve different purposes. Some gestures describe objects or actions, like the piano example above. These are called iconic gestures, because they create a picture. Sometimes our gestures do not make pictures, but they move in rhythm with our speech. These are called beat gestures, because they follow the beat of our speech. For example, you might flick both wrists downward when saying the word amazing in the following sentence: "The recital was amazing." These gestures can help the speaker emphasise certain words.

Hand gestures are not just hand waving. Gestures can also enhance learning in children who view and make them. Children's gestures reveal when they are on the cusp of understanding a new concept. An important unanswered question that scientists are still trying to figure out is how? How do gestures help learning? Even though we do not yet have an answer to this, scientists have some ideas. One possibility is that gestures offer a visual way to communicate ideas that can complement what children hear or say with spoken language. Instead of just hearing something in speech, children get to see it as well.

Another possibility is that gestures help children focus their attention on the most important points of what is being learned, at exactly the right time. Gestures increase the chance that the children will know exactly which part of the equation the teacher is talking about. Finally, it is also possible that gestures help memory by engaging more parts of the brain. Gesturing engages the motor parts of the brain in addition to the parts of the brain already active for producing language. Engagement of multiple brain areas may lead to better, deeper learning.

Gestures come along for free with our speech and can play a critical role in helping children learn. By continuing to study gestures, we will better understand how we can help children learn.


What is the meaning of the word 'motor' in the second last paragraph?

AMovement
BAutomobile
CEngine
DThought


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Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Bella was fed up and bored of being cooped up inside. So, as soon as the weather seemed to be getting better, she took the opportunity to stretch her legs and get some fresh air. And the air was exactly that. Other people may call it icy with an unpleasantly strong wind, but for the girl, it was exhilarating and refreshing. She had wrapped up warm, in a large overcoat and hat, gloves and scarf. Her fingers had a tendency of getting much colder than the rest of her body, so she always wore gloves when the temperature was under five degrees. On this day, she wore her favourite pair that were very insulating and made of natural fibres and kept her hands warm.
Bella opened the front door and made bold strides down the path to get her blood moving properly. After a few minutes of walking like this and using lots of energy, she was just as warm as she would have been at the height of summer. She took her hat off and her hair blew in the wind. Her ears were a little chilly, but they helped to cool the rest of her as she walked on briskly. She was generally very healthy and put this down to the fact that she loved to walk, whatever the weather. She felt that less healthy people would stay at home on a day like this one, but they wouldn't be as happy as she was.
She thought that the fresh air definitely lifted her entire mood, and she went from feeling sombre to excitable and full of energy.
The trees had lost most of their leaves and their skeletal figures were clear against the grey sky. Bella looked up at them and could see birds perching with difficulty, struggling to keep themselves in place while the wind tried to blow them away. Some birds occasionally gave up and let the wind carry them with great speed, to wherever it seemed to want them to go. She thought this was a clever but scary thing for them to do. Bella wondered why the wind seemed to be in such a hurry today. She was walking against it, but it was still trying hard to push her towards the place that the birds had been taken. She resisted and strode on.
What is the meaning of the word ‘sombre' in the second paragraph?

AExcited
BConfused
CBored
DTired


isn't 'Sombre' In The Third Paragraph?

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