• The standard unit for measurement of length is meter, mass is gram, and capacity is litre.
• The most commonly used units of length are centimeter (cm), meter (m) , kilometer (km).
• The most commonly used units of mass are gram (g), kilogram (kg), tonne (t).
• The most commonly used units of capacity are liter (l) and milliliter (ml).
• When we convert a higher unit of metric measure to a lower unit, we multiply.
• When we convert a lower unit of metric measure to a higher unit, we divide.
• The various units of metric measures length, weight, mass and capacity are related to their standard unit by multiples of 10.
  • 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
  • 1 meter = 100 centimeters
  • 1 kilometer = 1000 meters
  • 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters
  • 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
  • 1 tonne = 1,000 kilograms
• Examples
  • A teaspoon can hold about five milliliters water.
  • Milk is generally sold in half liter or 1 liter packs
  • The length of a pencil is around 10 centimeters
  • A meter is about the height of a 5 year old
  • The distance from one city to another can be measured using kilometers.
  • One spoon of sugar will weigh around 5 grams
  • We measure our weight in kilograms.
  • The weight of a small car is around a tonne.

 TIME 

• 1 minutes= 60 seconds
• 1 hour = 60 minutes
• 1 day = 24 hours
• 1 week = 7 days
• 1 month = 30 days
• 1 year = 12 months
• 1 year = 52 weeks
• 1 year = 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a Leap Year.
• The time between 12 midnight to 12 noon next day, is denoted by a.m.
• A.M. stands for “Ante Meridiem” Latin for before midday.
• The time between 12 noon to 12 midnight is denoted by p.m.
• P.M. stands for “Post Meridiem” Latin for after midday.
• The years that can be divided by 4 are leap years. E.g. 2016 – 16 is divisible by 4. This 2016 was a leap year
• In a 24 hours clock there is no a.m., p.m. labels. The hours start at 00 and goes through 23.
• A day begins at 12:00 a.m. and ends at 11:59 p.m.
• Clock
  • The clock has two hands: longer hand is the minute hand, and the shorter hand is the hour hand.
  • The clock is divided into 60 small divisions called the minutes.
  • The hour hand comletes 1 round of the clock in 12 hours.
  • The minute hand completes one round in 1 hour
  • The seconds hand completes one round in 1 minute

 MONEY

• We use rupees and paisa as money (currency) in India.
• Money is available in either coins or notes.
• Common coins available are 50 paisa, 1 rupee, 5 rupees, 10 rupees
• Common notes available are 5 Rs, 10 Rs, 20 Rs, 50 Rs, 100 Rs, 500 Rs, 2000 Rs.
• 100 Paise – 1 Re
• 1 Paisa = Rs. 1/100
• When writing the money amount, Rupees and paise are separated by a dot.
• When we know the cost of many items and want to find the cost of 1 item, we divide.
• When we know the cost of 1 item and want to derive the cost of many items we multiply.