HOUSING AND CLOTHING - ESSENTIAL POINTS

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• We need house to live in. It protects us from heat, cold, rain, animals and thieves. It keeps us safe.


• People in different areas and climates make different kinds of houses.


• Types of houses:
  1. Pucca houses:These are strong houses. They are made of wood, brick, cement, iron rods and steel. These are called permanent houses.
     1. Apartments: Tall buildings with small houses. Built in cities where  enough space is not available.
     2. Bungalow: Big houses. Built in places with enough space.
     3. Multistoried buildings:These have many stories. People use lifts and stairs to reach higher floors.
  2. Kutcha houses: Made of wood, mud, straw and leaves.They are temporary houses.
     1. Stilt house: House made of wooden poles in an area where it rains heavily. These are made in flood-prone areas.
     2. Igloo: House made of cut blocks of ice to keep the interior of the house warm. People living in cold regions, where it snows heavily, make igloos. Eskimos live in igloos.
     3. Tents: They are built by cloth in deserts where weather is very hot.
     4. Bamboo house: House made of wooden poles in an area where it rains heavily. These are made in flood-prone areas.
     5. Mud house: These are made using mud and straws. They are built in villages.
     6. Huts: They are made of mud and straws. These type of houses are built in villages. Mud walls and straw roofs keep the house cool in summers.
     7. Caravans: House on wheels. People who move from one place to another live in caravans.These are used by Nomads.
     8. House boats:It is a boat which moves in the lakes and is used for dwelling. They are generally seen in Kashmir.
     9. House with sloping roofs:Sloping roofs are meant for the areas having high snow fall and rain. The sloping roofs will let the snow and rain to fall down instead of collecting on the roofs.


• Qualities of a good house:
  1. A good house should be airy. Open spaces like lawn and windows make house airy.
  2. It should be clean.
  3. It should have big doors and windows to let sunlight and fresh air come in.
  4. Doors and windows must be cross-ventilated.
  5. Thick walls are very beneficial as they keep house warm in winter and cool in summers.
  6. High roofs allow free flow of air inside the house and keep it cool.
  7. A good house should have living room, kitchen, dining room and washroom.


• Ways to keep our house clean
  1. House should be properly cleaned and mopped everyday.
  2. Drains of kitchen and bathroom should always be covered to keep mosquitoes and cockroaches away.
  3. Everything should be kept at its right place.
  4. Waste should be thrown into dustbin.
  5. Dustbin should be kept covered.
  6. Curtains keep dust away.
  7. Bathroom, wash basin and toilet must be cleaned daily.


• The person who makes doors, windows, and does other wood work is known as carpenter.


• Architect is the one who makes the plan of the house.


• Electrician is a person who install and maintains electrical equipments. Painter use paint brush to paint the buildings.


• Mason is a person who constructs the house using bricks cement and other house building material


• Clothes protect us from heat, cold and rain. They also protect us from insect bites and makes humans look smart and beautiful. Towels are used to dry us after we bath.


• Clothes are made from different fibres. We get some fibres from plants and some from animals.


• The fibre that we get from animals & plants are called natural fibres.


• Types of fibres
  1. Natural fibres: We get them from plants and animals. Example, cotton, jute, wool, silk etc.
     1. Fibres from plants
        • We get cotton fibres from cotton plants.
        • We get jute from jute plant.
     2. Fibres from animals.
        • We get wool from animals like sheep and yak.  Angora wool is made from rabbit hair and cashmere wool is made from fibres we get from cashmere goat.
        • Silk clothes are made of silk fibres from insects called silkworms.
  2. Man-made fibres:Fibres made by man. These are made from different materials in factories. Example, nylon, rayon, polyester and terry cotton.


• In Summers we wear clothes  made of cotton fibres.


• Winter season we weal clothes are made with wool.


• Rainy season clothes are made by plastic fibres which is a Man Made Fibre.