TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION - ESSENTIAL POINTS

Transport

---

• We travel from one place to another by different means of transport.
  Means of transport
  The means of transport has been categorized as follows:
  1. Means of land transport
     Means of land transport can be classified as road transport and rail transport.
     1. Road transport
        Transportation by roads is known as road transport.
        Bullock cart, rickshaw, cycles etc. are slower means of road transport.
        Cars, buses, scooters etc. are faster means of road transport. They have engine and run on petrol or diesel.
        Nowadays, some vehicles run on CNG gas.
        
     2. Rail transport
        Rails which run on railway tracks carry both people and goods over long distances.
        A train can carry thousands of people at a same time.
        Trains like Rajdhani express and Shatabdi express run at very fast speed.Shatabdi express is the fastest train in India.
        First metro train was started in Kolkata.
        
  2. Means of water transport
     Means of water transport are used ton travel in rivers, lakes, seas etc. Boats sail in rivers. Boats with engines are called motor boats. They are also called steamers.
     Ship is used for travelling long distances through sea. We can travel to different countries by ships.
     We use cargo ships to carry large amount of goods over long distances
  3. Means of air transport
     Aeroplane is the fastest means of transport. It is expensive as compared to other means of transport. Helicopters are used to fly over short distances.
     To fly over long distances, we use aeroplanes.
     Wright Brothers invented Aeroplane.
     

Communication

---

• Means of communication have brought revolutionary changes in our life.
• Without means of communication, we cannot communicate with people at far off places.
• With well developed means of communication we can easily communicate with our relatives or friends living very far from us.
• One to one communication
  • The most common and cheapest way of sending messages is the use of postal services.
  • Post cards, inland letters, stamped envelopes can be used to send messages.
  • We can send money through money orders.
  • Urgent messages can be sent through telegram.
  • Telephone is the quickest means of communication. We can call anyone at any time.
  • Nowadays, mobile phones have got widespread use in our life.
• Mass communication
  • Newspapers, magazines, radio, television and internet are prominent means of mass communication.
  • Newspapers and magazines provide news and information about all the events happening anywhere in the world.
  • Television and radio are used to convey messages to large number of people. Both audio and video can be used to communicate through television. Radio used audio for communication.

• Nowadays, we use computers for sending messages through e-mail.
• We can obtain information of anything with help of internet.
• Means of communication bring us together by overcoming the distance barriers.
• Senders's address and receiver's PIN code must be written on letter.
• Full form of PIN is Postal Index Number.
• Graham Bell invented Telephone.
• Elva Edison invented Phonograph.
• Logie Baird invented Television.